Special moves
Castling
Once in every game, each king can make a special move, known as castling. When the King castles, it moves two squares to the left or right. When this happens, the Rook is moved to stand on the opposite side of the King.[16] Castling is only allowed if all of these rules are kept:[12]p120
- Neither piece doing the castling may have been moved during the game.
- There must be no pieces between the king and the rook.
- The king may not be currently in check, nor may the king pass through any square attacked by the opponent. As with any move, castling is not allowed if it would place the king in check.[4]
En passant
En passant
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En passant ('in passing' in French) is a special capture. It is only available when a pawn moves forward two squares past an opposing pawn on an adjacent file. The opposing pawn must be on the 5th rank from its own side. Then the opponent's pawn can capture the double-mover as if it had only moved one square forward. This option is open on the next move only.[4]
For example, if the black pawn has just moved up two squares from g7 to g5, then the white pawn on f5 can take it by en passanton g6. The en passant rule was developed when pawns were allowed to make their double move. The rule made it more difficult for players to avoid pawn exchanges and blockade the position. It kept the game more open.
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